The word integrated is used because issues such as congestion and environmental damage can only be addressed by considering the relationships between different forms of travel, and between transport and other council policies and actions, particularly those to do with land use planning and economic development. (Darebin, ITP)

Integration is critical…as addressing one part of a system will simply transfer a problem elsewhere (Banyule ITP2003)

The cornerstone of it all is integrated transport. Integration is concerned with the whole, the common objectives and agreement on desires and outcomes.
(Hans Westerman, ARRB Conference, 2002))

Integration across sectors, levels of planning, locations, decision makers and solutions is essential for successful integrated transport planning. Integration also means considering planning choices as a total package, rather than considering them in isolation. Planning for the best transport outcome means selecting the right package of complementary measures. (Integrated Transport Planning Framework, Queensland Transport)
This source also identifies

Horizontal integration which integrates transport, land use and other planning such as economic development, education and health. This involves making sure that decisions made in one sector complement, and do not compromise, decisions or interests in another.
Vertical integration which is about taking direction, knowledge and priorities from other levels of planning into account, both top down and bottom up. Higher-order planning should influence the more localised to ensure that specific localised planning contributes to achieving higher-order planning and priorities. And in reverse, local needs, knowledge, solutions and priorities need to inform and influence those above.

These provide useful guidance for the following statements about integrated transport planning, and why it is preferable to the more traditional, single mode process.

Integrated transport is when all forms of transport work together in a coordinated system with the aim of providing comprehensive land use accessibility
Integrated transport is a transport system that seeks to minimise use of scarce resources and maximise use of more sustainable, low impact forms of travel.
Integrated transport is making all the elements of the transport system useable and workable for everyone and putting processes in place to make ensure it happens.
Integrated transport is where the component modes / activities are developed and managed to achieve the overall goal rather than the success of a single element.
Integrated transport is about recognising that many community benefits can be achieved by a complete transport system such as health, environmental protection, and social connections. Funding integrated transport can benefit other local government goals.
Integrated transport is understanding transport as a social determinant and that transport policy can be used to achieve other seemingly unrelated local government goals, such as affordable housing.
Integrated transport needs integrated transport funding to ensure that each particular transport component is funded and managed according to an overall goal of community mobility, rather than the particular success of any one element of the system.
Integrated transport needs integrated transport funding to ensure that levels of service of one particular mode are not improved relative to that of others, unless intentionally to correct imbalance or refocus on broader community goals.
Integrated transport can be as major as a single coordinated public transport ticketing system and all that implies, and as minor as ensuring that there is a pedestrian crossing at the railway station, shelter and a timetable at the bus stop and a bike rack near the shops.

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